Public debt management is the process of Developing and Implementing Policies for the management of government debt to raise the required amount of money, track their cost and risk Objectives, and to call to public debt management Objectives for which the government has set the Criteria for Developing and Maintaining efficient and liquid marketplace National sekurityes. Therefore, the legal Framework to clarify the authority to borrow and issue New debt, invest and Transact in Behalf of the government. Organizatyonal Framework should also specify where the Mandates and role are well Articulated. Sovereign debt management can gauge land’s debt management organization or primary Depository. A management report should be issued which would review the previous year’s activities and provide an overview of Borrowing plans for the budget, Protuberance. Public accounts shall consist of three Divisions A, Deposits and Reserves and transfers. ‘A’ Includes receipt and in respect of which the government Incurs a responsibility to show money received or is Entitled to a refund of amount paid together with Repayment of the former and vegetable from the other side. State General provident Fund, national savings Certificates and Postal Savings Certificates, etc., are recorded in the department. “Deposits and Reserves” Includes a and a, for which the government acts as a banker. The government, as a banker Dealing with civil Investment, personal Investment and restore the reserve fund, etc. “group transfer” Includes all aspects of your head as transfers of funds to and from Bangladesh Bank and the pvd, defense, Forest, G and G and Mailing, etc. funds to the Bangladesh Missions abroad are also included in the department. form of Accounting used by the government of Bangladesh is based on a cash Accounting basis, ie recording transactions when money is paid or received. Cash basis of Accounting, the traditional basis of Accounting gave. There are totally two different sets of published accounts in Bangladesh, Financer annual accounts and annual Appropriations accounts and the annual Financer accounts: finansyal accounts Reflects the total annual revenue and government expenditure, together with the audited financial Statements. In addition, the money the government also Disclosed in this statement is where preparation of the annual Financer Assigned to the C & Ag in according with Article 4 of the kontroller and auditor general (other functions) Act, 1974. Accounts number: the number is Proportional to the report viewing complex hero – waste / Cadet – dismal final budget Allocation and expenditure of Mandatory individual Ministries and their Subordinate Offices, Indicating the Deviations (if any). Under Article 128 of the konstitutyon and post 4 of the kontroller and auditor general (other functions) of 1974, preparation of accounts means the accounts office, it is revyeved by the audit direktorate sivil and Ft & T in according with the relevant part, and then confirmed by the C & Og the required Observations. Primary accounts are kept in reserve, where the transaction takes place. There are two branches of the original accounts, one was government. Accounting department, and keeping the self – drawing Formations known as the Departmentalized Accounting department, as well as the world works department, phone Council postal department, forest department, etc. in order to maintain konsistensi and comfort for the administrative functions of Governments. set up Accounting Offices under the control of Ca. קגרף and adgfr. Authority kga Includes all Ministries, except defense and Railroads. Low tire management entity kontroller General of accounts (kga) is upazilla office accounts. next number is the district office accounts, which is located at district headquarters. for the purpose of the account, there are also 20 regional Offices accounts for greater district headquarters to consolidate the accounts of the district and upazilla accounts Officers for onward transmission to the Comptroller General of accounts. main akkountant Office of the presidensi the ministryes keep accounts. There are 21 accounts Office Government Ministries and Divisions. They work under administrative control of the C & Ag and Ca, and Functional Control of the secretary of the ministry / Division. All the accounts of their Offices and Work Facilities, kga office to prepare monthly accounts, Financer accounts and Appropriation Boller. given the special nature of the functions and activities of Defence service and Railways. gave. established a separate department for their Accounting functions and קגרף adgfr Respectively. one of the Departments also prepare and maintain their monthly Boller to Facilitate Korff adgfr and prepare monthly accounts, and funds from the accounts. Accounting system for the department, which runs departmentalized concept, such as Railways, Defence, postal, T & T, works, forest , etc., is a bit different from the concept, such as Railways, Defence, postal, T & T Construction work, etc. Forest is a bit different from the general government accounts. However, with the exception of the train all the other Departments do not have a separate bank account. rail has a separate bank account at the Bank and Bangladesh, which shows the individual over the head with F á zvem”Xus í corn ý German money “- to put the headline in the government account and save their income through the use of the title, too. Bangladesh Bank (BB) acts as banker to the government if there is a difference between the Consolidated fund and public money, in fact, money is the government, and that the Bangladesh Bank. Accounting Office review the issue in favor of the party / person’s and then finally Checks are based on (today’s central rekonsilyatyon Unit) front and reconciliation between the presidensi where no branch of BB sonali Bank acts as banker to the government’s Checks issued by the Accounting and Offices were on sonali Bank then are sent back to the Accounting department for settlement. Thana, district and major Accounting officer of each transaction record reign as the first accounts, where applicable. Initial accounts are recorded in the corresponding accounts in which transactions took place, where the upazilla and District Office of the accounts to send Boller as usual until 10 of the following month. The authorities subsequently included Detailed information on the Respective head of accounts and to propel it to 20 kga of that month. On the other hand, was – drawing task ahead very Boller to their Respective Ministries can. Together with those of the original can Office Preparing accounts Presidency, brand and consolidate the accounts within the scope of his ministry Boundaries and then send Boller kga 20 of the following month. They also send their Boller Senior akkountant / secretary of the ministry or department. Kga Consolidated financial Statements based on Accounting Information provided by the Cow and the דקאַ is. A similar procedure was followed in the Accounting Joke of Defense Financer and Railways, as regards the flow accounts. About the preparation of Financer accounts and the accounts of funds from the ministry of Defence and Ministry railvays, Respectively adgfr קגרף and play a key role. Prepares monthly Boller and keep the accounts of government officials are the basis of Financer accounts and appropryatyons Boller. The following Criteria is a factor which is Noteworthy. OK – Articulated Responsibilities for staff and clear monitoring, management and policy measures that Requires Reporting. Accurate and comprehensive management information system with appropriate Safeguards. Employees are subject to a code of conduct and conflict of interest Guidelines re the management of personal financial affairs. A management approach: risk may be slight transformation of the structure of the A against the cup, which Accelerated the loan decision – making for risk reduction. A Managers should consider the financial and other Risks typical government money Flows where Carefully Assessing and managing Risks associated with foreign currency and short – term Floating rate is a virtual importance in the light. A management strategy should be cost effective as cash management Policies must meet the high degree of Certainty of financial Obligations as they fall due. Framevork to give a Managers to manage the trade – away from expected cost and risk in the portfolio from government debt to be determined in konsistensi with the real life situation. Effect of contingent Liabilities to government fiscal and Liquidity positions can not be ignored in decision making in relation to the selection Criteria for Loans. Risk in public a risk management Requires changes in market interest provided for information, exchange rights and commodity prices and their impact on Servicing the public debt. March deadline set rate should be preferred. In this context, the Rollover risk is another factor to reduce the risk of the debt management system: the risk that debt may have to be Transferred to the Unusually high cup, and in extreme font, can not be Transferred. Operatyonal risk: A transaction error, failure of Internal control systems, or security Breaches disaster business. Liquidity risk in sovereign a risk management: This is a situation where the volume of liquid Assets Decreases Rapidly in the face of Unanticipated money flow Obligations, or hard to get money through Borrowing in the short term. Credit risk: the reverse to non – performance by Borrowers of Loans or other financial Assets, for example contingent Liabilities, derivative Contracts a manager. Develop effective gave. Sekurityes market, Minimize cup and Risks of Managers should strive to develop effective sekurityes market. Strive to achieve a wide Investor base for domestic and foreign Investors were required, were treated Equitably. Primary market should be Transparent and Predictable market – based bonds. Government should promote Flexible and it should be Criteria for an against deficit, which is the deficit flow from New debt, the Government Spends More than Rises in Taxes. Ex: If the U.S.. It. Government ran a deficit of 100 billion U.S.. It. Dollars in 1995, Adds to the debt, but when it Enjoyed a surplus of 200 billion U.S. dollars in 1999, Reducing the population by the amount. Objektives of management to ensure that government Financing needs and its payment Obligations have been met. To ensure public debt at the Lowest possible price on middle and long Distances. It should be in according with reasonable degree of risk koordinatyon with monetary and fiscal policy, a Managers, fiscal policy Advisors, and major bankers should share the knowledge of the Objectives of the management, fiscal and monetary policy. They should also know the government Current and Future Liquidity requirements. A Managers should Convey the fiscal authorities their views on the cup and Risks associated with government Financing needs and future. Different goals followed as a – Managers focus on cost and risk trade – off debt, while monetary policy your at Achieving price stability and inflation – issues. In this context, a management and monetary policy, allowed to act in their own Empire with one that does not affect the basic goals of others. In addition, the objective of Minimizing cost subject to a reasonable level of risk should not be Viewed as a mandate to reduce interest provided for information. Koordinatyon with monetary and fiscal policy, for Managers, fiscal policy Advisors, and central bankers should share the knowledge of the Objectives of an administrative, fiscal and monetary policy. They should also know the government Current and Future Liquidity requirements, which a Managers should inform the fiscal authorities their views on the cup and Risks associated with government Financing needs and future. Recognize the outstanding Objectives in this respect, duty – Managers focus on cost and risk trade – off debt, while monetary policy your at Achieving price stability – inflation and questions. A management and monetary policy are Entitled to enforce its own Empire with one that does not affect the basic goals of others. The objective of Minimizing cost subject to a reasonable level of risk should not be Viewed as a mandate to reduce interest provided for information. Lending Office: The survey shows that the imf: in all countries Surveyed, the legal authority to borrow is to Parliament, in most countries, legislation was adopted Authorizing the treasuri to borrow on Behalf of the government. In other countries, this power is Delegated to the office, and in one case (India) perpendikularli to the state bank. A management responsibility in Bangladesh, with respect to the debt management system, there is plenty of responsibility for creating and managing the A market and the establishment of loan funds and in a Nutshell, the are the following: terms of business allows the finance department to borrow and float Loans on the market. Bangladesh Bank Order 1972 gives that BB acts as agent for the government, inter alia, public an administration, play an active role in this respect. Imp pulp Report Recommends that the method that the method and conditions of the loan fund peace Financer Division. The report Assumes that the Management Office should be established by the Financer Division. That the Office should report to the secretary of Financer. The Authority is responsible for all debt, including nsx and foreign debt as well. Meanwhile, nsx debt managed by the decreased while foreign debt is managed by land, as Borrowing from the banking system is Controlled by the Bangladesh Bank with the Peripheral. A four in the management of public debt to domestic debt management is carried out using the BB very often fail to meet the needs of government financial Policies. The objective of the management and monetary management it seems to Blair. Due to the lack of Involvement of fd depends on the lender (BB) for a and loan information over the years. Government Accounting System Derived from the konstitutyon’s license from Bangladesh and as such the konstitutyon Empowered the auditor general and kontroller to determine forms and methods of government Accounting. Kontroller and auditor general (other functions) Act, 1974, Assigned to the C & Ag with responsibility for Maintaining the accounts of the Republic. Such obligation of the accounts. Office of the kontroller General of accounts (kga) kontroller General Defense Financer (Korf) addityonal Director General of Financer railroad (adgfr) and Bangladesh Bank, the main source of Accounting Information for the government. Kontroller General of accounts (kga), plays an important role in functioning of Government Accounting. Kga is responsible for the Accounting of revenue and Expenditures which are made Governments. Departments other than the Departmentalized Accounting Departments of Defense and the railway department. Korf accounts Maintained by the Armed forses and Departments under the ministry of Defense. Adgfr is responsible for keeping the accounts of Bangladesh Railway. Bangladesh Bank will submit the information and data on government. Accounting department of Foreign Loans and assistance provided by Multilateral development partners in Bangladesh.